Adult ADHD: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

What are the symptoms of ADHD?
ADHD stands for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulty with inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
The DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition) lists the following symptoms of ADHD:

Inattention:

• Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes in schoolwork, at work, or with other activities
  
• Often has difficulty sustaining attention in tasks or play activities
  
• Often does not seem to listen when spoken to directly
  
• Often does not follow through on instructions and fails to finish schoolwork, chores, or duties in the workplace (not due to oppositional behavior or failure to understand instructions)
  
• Often has difficulty organizing tasks and activities
  
• Often avoids, dislikes, or is reluctant to engage in tasks that require sustained mental effort
  
• Often loses things necessary for tasks or activities • Is often easily distracted by extraneous stimuli • Is often forgetful in daily activities
  

Hyperactivity and Impulsivity:

• Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet, or squirms in seat
  
• Often leaves seat in situations when remaining seated is expected
  
• Often runs about or climbs in situations where it is not appropriate
  
• Often has difficulty playing or engaging in leisure activities quietly
  
• Is often "on the go" or often acts as if "driven by a motor"
  
• Often talks excessively
  
• Often blurts out an answer before a question has been completed
  
• Often has difficulty awaiting turn • Often interrupts or intrudes on others
  

Is there a difference between ADHD in adults and children?

Yes, there is a difference between ADHD in adults and children. Adults with ADHD may have difficulty with executive functioning, such as managing time, staying organized, problem-solving, and completing tasks. They may also have difficulty with relationships, memory, and emotional regulation. In contrast, children with ADHD often have difficulty with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention.

Why are so many adults now being diagnosed with ADHD?

There are several potential reasons why more adults are being diagnosed with ADHD. One reason is that ADHD is now more widely recognized and diagnosed. As awareness of ADHD increases, more adults recognise their symptoms and seek diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, research suggests that ADHD is a lifelong condition, and symptoms can persist into adulthood for those who were not diagnosed as children. Finally, research has also suggested that certain environmental factors, such as stress and lack of sleep, can exacerbate ADHD symptoms in adults.

How do you treat adult ADHD?

Treatment for adult ADHD typically includes both medication and psychotherapy. Medication may include stimulants, such as methylphenidate, or non-stimulants, such as atomoxetine. Psychotherapy may include cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based therapy, or supportive psychotherapy. Additionally, lifestyle changes, such as regular exercise, stress management, and a healthy diet, can help to improve symptoms of adult ADHD.

What causes ADHD?

The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but research suggests that it is likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Scientists believe that ADHD is related to abnormal levels of neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. Additionally, research has suggested that certain environmental factors, such as exposure to toxins or excessive stress, can also contribute to the development of ADHD

How is adult ADHD diagnosed?

Adult ADHD is typically diagnosed by a mental health professional. The diagnosis is typically based on a combination of self-reported symptoms, a physical and mental health evaluation, and information from family, friends, or coworkers about the person's behavior. A comprehensive evaluation may also include psychological tests, such as the Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scales, to assess the severity of symptoms.

Can a psychologist diagnose adult ADHD?

Yes, a psychologist can diagnose adult ADHD. A psychologist is a mental health professional who is trained to diagnose and treat mental health conditions. The psychologist will typically conduct a comprehensive evaluation that includes self-reported symptoms, a physical and mental health evaluation, and information from family, friends, or coworkers about the person's behavior. Psychological tests may also be used to assess the severity of symptoms.

Will the NHS accept an ADHD diagnosis from a private psychologist?
Yes, the NHS will accept an ADHD diagnosis from a private psychologist. However, if the diagnosis is made by a private psychologist, the NHS may require additional evidence to confirm the diagnosis. The NHS may also require the patient to have a further assessment to ensure that the diagnosis is accurate and appropriate.

Will a psychiatrist prescribe medication if an individual is diagnosed by a psychologist with ADHD or will they need to do their own tests?

In most cases, a psychiatrist will be able to prescribe medication for an individual who has been diagnosed with ADHD by a psychologist or other mental health professional. However, the psychiatrist may want to do their own assessment to confirm the diagnosis and determine the best course of treatment. In some cases, the psychiatrist may order additional tests or evaluations before prescribing medication.

For more information contact the London Psychologist Clinic at info@londonpsychologistclinic.co.uk